Rebel Prince Shines a Harsh Light on Morocco
By Aida Alami
PARIS — HE sat in the car, frozen with fear, as gunmen pointed rifles at his pregnant mother in the driver’s seat beside him. They were rushing to the king’s birthday party because they had heard there was a commotion. It was the summer of 1971, and the Moroccan Army killed over 100 party guests in its attempt to overthrow the monarchy. The gunmen spared the pregnant woman and her 7-year-old son. Later that day, the coup failed.
With his monarchy preserved, King Hassan II sharply tightened his grip on his subjects, including his own family.
It
was a shift that the 7-year-old, Prince Moulay Hicham El Alaoui, still
remembers well. The eldest son of the late King Hassan’s only brother,
Moulay Abdellah, he is also the first cousin of King Mohammed VI —
making him third in line to the Moroccan throne.
Nicknamed
“the Red Prince,” he grew up to become a political activist whose
public support for democracy has put him at odds with his family in
Morocco. He exiled himself to America and was banned from the presence
of the king for advocating a constitutional monarchy, like that in
Britain or Spain.
In
a culture where princes are expected to hold their tongues and where
family affairs do not leave the palace walls, Prince Moulay Hicham isn’t
welcome.
“It’s
been traumatizing. I have seen a father destroyed. It is a world where
everything is artificial and nothing is genuine,” the prince, now 50,
said during an interview at his hotel in Paris. “I am happy to live far
away. Instead of having 100 friends, you have five friends, but at least
you know that they are here for you.”
In
April, he published a new autobiography, “Journal d’un Prince Banni,”
or Diary of a Banished Prince, that weaves together a series of
vignettes and anecdotes to give readers a rare glimpse into Morocco’s
royal family. But it also serves as a harsh political critique of the
kingdom from an insider.
The
book, which will be translated into English in a few months, details
how King Hassan, who died in 1999, constructed an opaque system of rule
in which the elite could flout the law with impunity. Though he
celebrates the late king’s undeniable grandeur, the prince describes him
as an evil genius who brought Morocco onto the world stage. He also
gives an intimate view of life inside the palace, growing up among the
intrigues, and the mind games between him and his uncle.
He
employs a sharp wit to describe some of his uncle’s more perplexing
episodes, like the day in 1980 when Hassan made Queen Elizabeth of
England wait an hour for him — meant to show, it was believed, that he
was the greater monarch of the two.
Prince
Moulay Hicham also talks about the humiliation to which he was
subjected, and shares intimate accounts of his father’s alcoholism and
his mother’s battle with substance abuse.
WHEN
Mohammed VI inherited the throne in 1999, he was welcomed by a burst of
optimism that withered after a few ineffectual gestures toward greater
democracy and human rights.
“There
is no Moroccan exception. It’s an authoritarian regime, that’s all,”
the prince said. “After the death of King Hassan, it quickly became
evident to his son that change implicates costs and trade-offs. He was
not ready to make sacrifices, and the regime just went back to its old
ways.”
In 2011, as the Arab Spring was sweeping autocrats in Tunisia, Egypt and Libya from power, King Mohammed offered constitutional reforms
that guaranteed more social equality and attention to human rights. But
Prince Moulay Hicham says those changes were once again cosmetic, and
he has repeatedly urged the kingdom to make swift changes. Real
democratization, he argues, is the only change that will save the
monarchy in the long run.
“This
book is harsh because the reality is harsh,” said Ignace Dalle, author
of “Les Trois Rois” (The Three Kings), a book on the Moroccan monarchy.
“Moulay Hicham is right; this cannot last forever.”
King Mohammed has come under fire for his stranglehold on the economy and for micromanaging the elected government.
“I
don’t see in Mohammed VI’s entourage any advisers who will tell him to
move forward,” Mr. Dalle said. “They are too absorbed by their own
personal interests.”
John
Waterbury, an American scholar and author of “Commander of the
Faithful,” an extensive account of Morocco’s politics, said Prince
Moulay Hicham’s book provides intimate details that shed light on the
monarchy and the king’s entourage.
That attempt at transparency, Mr. Waterbury said, was bound to spark shock and anger.
“In
his advocacy, Moulay Hicham is hard on many Moroccans, especially the
rich and privileged that live off rents provided by the Makhzen,” he
added, referring in Arabic to the establishment elite. “His critique has
been building for years. It has been manifest both in family occasions —
weddings, birthdays, even deaths — and in his published opinions in Le
Monde Diplomatique and elsewhere.”
“One
does not expose these intimacies, some flattering and some highly
critical, without triggering explosions,” he said. “Moulay Hicham wants
deep change, the kind of change that would frighten any head of state.”
THE
prince, who holds degrees from Princeton and Stanford, and is a former
United Nations peacekeeper in Kosovo, serves on the advisory board of
Human Rights Watch and has founded various institutes. A businessman and
passionate advocate of green energy, he also produced the award-winning
documentary “A Whisper to a Roar,” on the fight for democracy across
the world.
Politics — in particular the direction of his country — remain at the heart of his activism.
“The
regime will need to meet social demands, and it cannot meet them
because it destroys the economy it actually needs to foster,” Prince
Moulay Hicham said, dressed in a gray sweater and jeans at his hotel.
“But the Makhzen will ultimately know its crisis because of its own
contradictions.”
“Moroccans
are as well in a comfort zone. They want change, but they don’t want to
go through what Tunisia or Egypt went through,” he said.
The
prince has been estranged from the current king for 20 years, save for a
few rare meetings. His daughters, on the other hand, are close to
Mohammed VI. He said that while he doesn’t really know his cousin
anymore, he has fond memories of a happy childhood together.
As for the reaction to his book in the Moroccan media, he just shrugs.
“The
book is a best seller,” he answered with a smile and twinkle in his
eye. “I am not intimidated. If you survived King Hassan, the rest is a
walk in the park.”
You can read the story on the New York Times' Website.